The theme of 2017 conference is “Digital revolution, smart cities and performance improvement towards a sustainable knowledge-based inclusive development“. Central to the forum were the challenges faced by countries within the MENA region. The rapid urbanisation within the region were found to be leaning towards the development of smart cities, clearly exhibiting the governments’ – particularly that of Saudi Arabia’s – recognition and consideration of the importance of the role of technology and the youth in their states’ future. Downward trends in oil prices have posed a serious barrier to this development, thus solutions to securing the economy and income in oil and gas export dependent states were also explored. The urgency of income and wealth inequalities was also revisited, which called for further radical reform in regulation and policy to better address the welfare, and macro- and micro-level challenges that have arose.
The theme of 2009 conference is “The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Environment, Energy and Sustainable Development“. The conference critically discussed and analysed the situation in the years following the 2008 financial crisis were marked with distrust, disorder, and mass re-regulation. Overlooked in this global crisis were the impacts the recession had left on pursuits towards sustainable development goals. Bringing together experience and research papers from across the world, the conference further investigated the greater and less evidently demonstrable impacts of the crisis. The performance of the entire world is not very satisfactory with regard to the international agreed targets and indexes and so far very limited progress is achieved by several countries. The deterioration of the environment in the MENA region for example is a major challenge for all countries in the region with nearly 90% of the region’s surface consists of desert.